{"id":6015,"date":"2024-02-02T10:04:47","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T10:04:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=6015"},"modified":"2026-04-15T06:48:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T06:48:36","slug":"6015","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=6015","title":{"rendered":"Student&#8217;s Guide to Earthquake Resistant Design"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group .blur has-background-background-color has-background is-content-justification-space-between is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-7ffb450f wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-site-logo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/\" class=\"custom-logo-link\" rel=\"home\"><img loading=\"lazy\" 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class=\"wp-block-navigation-item has-child open-on-hover-click wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=4547\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">About<\/span><\/a><button data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isMenuOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggleMenuOnClick\" aria-label=\"About submenu\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-icon wp-block-navigation-submenu__toggle\" ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M1.50002 4L6.00002 8L10.5 4\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><ul data-wp-on--focus=\"actions.openMenuOnFocus\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-container wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=4458\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Mission<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=4481\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Education Objectives<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=4505\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Admissions<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=4556\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Member Organizations and Societies<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=4576\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Contact<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?cat=6\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">News and Events<\/span><\/a><\/li><li data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;submenuOpenedBy&quot;: { &quot;click&quot;: false, &quot;hover&quot;: false, &quot;focus&quot;: false }, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;submenu&quot;, &quot;modal&quot;: null, &quot;previousFocus&quot;: null }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/navigation\" data-wp-on--focusout=\"actions.handleMenuFocusout\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleMenuKeydown\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.openMenuOnHover\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.closeMenuOnHover\" data-wp-watch=\"callbacks.initMenu\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"wp-block-navigation-item has-child open-on-hover-click wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=5033\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">People<\/span><\/a><button data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isMenuOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggleMenuOnClick\" aria-label=\"People submenu\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-icon wp-block-navigation-submenu__toggle\" ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M1.50002 4L6.00002 8L10.5 4\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><ul data-wp-on--focus=\"actions.openMenuOnFocus\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-container wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=5230\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Faculty<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=6176\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Graduate Students<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=6232\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Staff<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=4510\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Open Faculty Positions<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;submenuOpenedBy&quot;: { &quot;click&quot;: false, &quot;hover&quot;: false, &quot;focus&quot;: false }, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;submenu&quot;, &quot;modal&quot;: null, &quot;previousFocus&quot;: null }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/navigation\" data-wp-on--focusout=\"actions.handleMenuFocusout\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleMenuKeydown\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.openMenuOnHover\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.closeMenuOnHover\" data-wp-watch=\"callbacks.initMenu\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"wp-block-navigation-item has-child open-on-hover-click wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Works<\/span><\/a><button data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isMenuOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggleMenuOnClick\" aria-label=\"Works submenu\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-icon wp-block-navigation-submenu__toggle\" ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M1.50002 4L6.00002 8L10.5 4\" 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data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleMenuKeydown\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.openMenuOnHover\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.closeMenuOnHover\" data-wp-watch=\"callbacks.initMenu\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"wp-block-navigation-item has-child open-on-hover-click wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=4833\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Programs<\/span><\/a><button data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isMenuOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggleMenuOnClick\" aria-label=\"Programs submenu\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-icon wp-block-navigation-submenu__toggle\" ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M1.50002 4L6.00002 8L10.5 4\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><ul data-wp-on--focus=\"actions.openMenuOnFocus\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-container wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=4868\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Exchange Programs<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=4849\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Graduate Studies in Architecture<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=4922\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Study Abroad Program<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=4872\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Summer Internship<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=4835\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Undergraduate Curriculum<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;submenuOpenedBy&quot;: { &quot;click&quot;: false, &quot;hover&quot;: false, &quot;focus&quot;: false }, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;submenu&quot;, &quot;modal&quot;: null, &quot;previousFocus&quot;: null }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/navigation\" data-wp-on--focusout=\"actions.handleMenuFocusout\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleMenuKeydown\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.openMenuOnHover\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.closeMenuOnHover\" data-wp-watch=\"callbacks.initMenu\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"wp-block-navigation-item has-child open-on-hover-click wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=9002\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Research<\/span><\/a><button data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isMenuOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggleMenuOnClick\" aria-label=\"Research submenu\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-icon wp-block-navigation-submenu__toggle\" ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M1.50002 4L6.00002 8L10.5 4\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><ul data-wp-on--focus=\"actions.openMenuOnFocus\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-container wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=6264\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Faculty Publications<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?cat=129\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Research Stories<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;submenuOpenedBy&quot;: { &quot;click&quot;: false, &quot;hover&quot;: false, &quot;focus&quot;: false }, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;submenu&quot;, &quot;modal&quot;: null, &quot;previousFocus&quot;: null }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/navigation\" data-wp-on--focusout=\"actions.handleMenuFocusout\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleMenuKeydown\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.openMenuOnHover\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.closeMenuOnHover\" data-wp-watch=\"callbacks.initMenu\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"wp-block-navigation-item has-child open-on-hover-click wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=6377\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Resources<\/span><\/a><button data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isMenuOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggleMenuOnClick\" aria-label=\"Resources submenu\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-icon wp-block-navigation-submenu__toggle\" ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M1.50002 4L6.00002 8L10.5 4\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><ul data-wp-on--focus=\"actions.openMenuOnFocus\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-container wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?page_id=7959\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Breadcrumbs<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=6015\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Earthquake Resistant Design<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/arch-bilkent-edu-tr.translate.goog\/?_x_tr_sl=auto&#038;_x_tr_tl=tr&#038;_x_tr_hl=tr\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull is-light wp-duotone-unset-2\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;border-radius:0px;padding-top:0;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:0;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);min-height:50px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1754\" height=\"1181\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-5862\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/main_cover.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/main_cover.jpg 1754w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/main_cover-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/main_cover-1024x689.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/main_cover-768x517.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/main_cover-1536x1034.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1754px) 100vw, 1754px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-background-color has-background-dim-20 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-cover-is-layout-1cf3b99c wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c9bf23b7064cd1db5180bb51dc137379\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Student&#8217;s Guide to Earthquake Resistant Design<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:85vh\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b4514da793593466e89ca17a137efffb wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:0.6rem\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4a0fae49 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Student&#8217;s Guide to Earthquake-Resistant Design<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 6th February 2023, across southern Turkey, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake and a second major tremor hours later caused large-scale destruction, leading to the loss of life of more than 50,000 people and the devastation of hundreds of thousands of buildings causing displacement for a massive part of the population. The post-disaster assessment attributes the extensive damage and significant loss of life to various factors: unchecked urbanization, ineffective policy implementation, non-compliance with seismic building codes, substandard material quality, and incompatible construction practices. However, along with these governance-related and technical deficiencies, the event also underscored the important role of architects as agents for responsible design practices.<br><br>The event put forth the need for a better understanding of seismic hazards among archtitecture students and young professionals. The disaster and its post-occurrences demand for renewed commitment to an active indulgence of public safety as the core principle of livability and a key aspect of architectural design thinking. This guide prepared by the collaboration of faculty and graduate students of Bilkent University, Department of Architecture, is a small step towards this imperative.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aim and Scope<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>This guide serves as a condensed resource on seismic design concepts driven by three primary goals. Firstly, while there is an abundance of well-researched literature on earthquake-resistant building strategies, much of it is technically complex and requires extensive reading. This guide offers simplified, abridged versions of these concepts, providing ease of navigation and referring readers to original sources for in-depth study. Secondly, it reinforces learning by linking to relevant lectures, slides, and readings from the department\u2019s curriculum, where these seismic design concepts are discussed. Thirdly, recognizing learning as an ongoing process of identifying and bridging gaps, this guide, being an online resource, maintains a flexible framework for enhancement through collective usage and collaborative feedback.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>The guide offers a comprehensive overview of building vulnerabilities during seismic events, delving into various types and natures of these vulnerabilities. It highlights design susceptibilities, structural deficiencies, and secondary factors that contribute to structural damage during earthquakes. Furthermore, the guide explores key concepts essential for making informed decisions about seismic-resistant design. Building upon these foundational ideas, it details the principal features of seismic-resistant design, providing in-depth insights into enhancing building resilience to seismic activities. Beyond individual structures, it also addresses the broader context of urban design, emphasizing urban planning strategies&#8217; importance in mitigating widespread damage and enhancing overall seismic resilience. As an ongoing developing archive, the guide aims to serve as an easily accessible repository for students, underscoring the informational resources always at hand for architectural design considerations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-query is-layout-flow wp-block-query-is-layout-flow\"><ul class=\"columns-3 wp-block-post-template is-layout-grid wp-container-core-post-template-is-layout-6d3d2eb2 wp-block-post-template-is-layout-grid\"><li class=\"wp-block-post post-4372 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-earthquake-student-guide\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><figure style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;aspect-ratio:16\/9\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image wp-duotone-0b0620-ffffff-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=4372\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"832\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/akar-bw.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Turkish Context and the Seismic Hazard\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/akar-bw.jpg 832w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/akar-bw-300x122.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/akar-bw-768x312.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 832px) 100vw, 832px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=4372\" target=\"_self\" >Turkish Context and the Seismic Hazard<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">In Turkey, the vulnerability to earthquakes is a critical concern; a significant 92% of the country&#8217;s land, accommodating 95% of the population and hosting 98% of industrial facilities, lies within earthquake-prone areas. Furthermore, 92% of the nation&#8217;s dams are situated in these high-risk zones. With regard to seismic threat, 21.5% of the population resides in&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-4389 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-earthquake-student-guide\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><figure style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;aspect-ratio:16\/9\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image wp-duotone-0b0620-ffffff-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=4389\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/building-design-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Building Design Susceptibilities\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/building-design-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/building-design-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/building-design-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/building-design-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/building-design-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=4389\" target=\"_self\" >Building Design Susceptibilities<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">These issues pertain to the overall building configuration and are applicable across all configurations. In accordance with current seismic codes, irregularities encompass a range of configuration variables that notably impact the building&#8217;s seismic performance. While definitions may differ, consensus exists on the key configuration irregularities deemed significant. Building Size The impact of configuration irregularities varies&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-4406 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-earthquake-student-guide\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><figure style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;aspect-ratio:16\/9\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image wp-duotone-0b0620-ffffff-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=4406\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/structuree-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Structural Susceptibilities\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/structuree-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/structuree-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/structuree-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/structuree-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/structuree-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=4406\" target=\"_self\" >Structural Susceptibilities<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Soft and Weak Stories A soft story exhibits a significant decrease in lateral stiffness from the level immediately above it, while a weak story experiences a notable reduction in strength compared to the story above. The key attributes of a weak or soft first story involve a discontinuity in strength or stiffness, particularly at the&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-4391 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-earthquake-student-guide\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><figure style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;aspect-ratio:16\/9\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image wp-duotone-0b0620-ffffff-6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=4391\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/secondary-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Secondary Causes of Built Damage\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/secondary-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/secondary-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/secondary-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/secondary-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/secondary-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=4391\" target=\"_self\" >Secondary Causes of Built Damage<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Following an earthquake, several destructive secondary causes for structural damages might occur. The most significant of which are subsidence, liquefaction, and Pounding due to proximity to other buildings Subsidence The impact of an earthquake on both dry and wet loose soils is similar to the densification effect that a vibrator has on fresh concrete. Densification&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-5352 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-earthquake-student-guide\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><figure style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;aspect-ratio:16\/9\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image wp-duotone-0b0620-ffffff-7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=5352\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/key-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"KEY FEATURES OF EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT DESIGN\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/key-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/key-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/key-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/key-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/key-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=5352\" target=\"_self\" >KEY FEATURES OF EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT DESIGN<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">General Concepts for Seismic Resistance In simple terms, an earthquake is the back-and-forth ground movement during a seismic event. The time taken for one complete oscillation is the period of the earthquake, which dampens after the first movement. This oscillation causes the super-structure (building) to accelerate one way, followed by a back push, producing a&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-5445 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-earthquake-student-guide\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><figure style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;aspect-ratio:16\/9\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image wp-duotone-0b0620-ffffff-8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=5445\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/horizontal-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"HORIZONTAL STRUCTURAL ASSEMBLIES\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/horizontal-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/horizontal-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/horizontal-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/horizontal-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/horizontal-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=5445\" target=\"_self\" >HORIZONTAL STRUCTURAL ASSEMBLIES<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">While seismic damage typically highlights vertical elements, the importance of horizontal structures for seismic resistance is often overlooked. Crucial for force transmission, they intertwine with floor systems. Despite their invisibility in architectural plans, they significantly impact design decisions, relying on inherent strength and often sacrificially protected by damage to vertical elements, which can compromise building&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-5484 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-earthquake-student-guide\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><figure style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;aspect-ratio:16\/9\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image wp-duotone-0b0620-ffffff-9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=5484\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/foundation-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"FOUNDATIONS\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/foundation-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/foundation-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/foundation-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/foundation-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/foundation-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=5484\" target=\"_self\" >FOUNDATIONS<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Forces from both the superstructure and ground acceleration act on foundations, making it the most critical part of the structure design in terms of resisting and transferring seismic movement (See fig. 3.2.3-a). There are many factors, including building design, structural choice, and site susceptibility to seismic hazards(as previously described in section 2), that determine the&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-4383 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-earthquake-student-guide\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><figure style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;aspect-ratio:16\/9\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image wp-duotone-0b0620-ffffff-10\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=4383\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/structure-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Vertical Structural Assemblies\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/structure-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/structure-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/structure-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/structure-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/structure-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=4383\" target=\"_self\" >Vertical Structural Assemblies<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Horizontal members bear the responsibility of resisting inertia forces, channeling them into the vertical structure. The vertical elements, encompassing walls, columns, or diagonal braces, counteract these forces, transmitting them downward into the foundations. The seismic resistance required in the vertical structure differs markedly from that designed for gravity forces. Gravity-resisting structures typically adopt post-and-beam or&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-5492 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-earthquake-student-guide\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><figure style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;aspect-ratio:16\/9\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image wp-duotone-0b0620-ffffff-11\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=5492\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/retaining-1-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"RETAINING STRUCTURES\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/retaining-1-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/retaining-1-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/retaining-1-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/retaining-1-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/retaining-1-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=5492\" target=\"_self\" >RETAINING STRUCTURES<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Retaining structures located in seismic regions are subject to static soil pressures that are increased by dynamic effects. Where a structure also retains water, or any other fluid for that matter, the structural design process includes hydrodynamic pressures. Various types of retaining walls resist horizontal soil pressure. Gravity walls They rely on their self-weight to&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-5499 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-earthquake-student-guide\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><figure style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;aspect-ratio:16\/9\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image wp-duotone-0b0620-ffffff-12\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=5499\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/non-structural-1-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"ROLE OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS\u00a0\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/non-structural-1-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/non-structural-1-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/non-structural-1-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/non-structural-1-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/non-structural-1-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=5499\" target=\"_self\" >ROLE OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS\u00a0<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Non-structural elements are not designed to withstand seismic forces beyond their mass. These elements can be categorized into three groups: architectural features like cladding panels and partition walls; mechanical and electrical components such as elevators and plumbing; and building contents, encompassing items like bookcases. Two compelling reasons to seriously consider the seismic performance of these&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-5513 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-earthquake-student-guide\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><figure style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;aspect-ratio:16\/9\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image wp-duotone-0b0620-ffffff-13\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=5513\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/urban-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"URBAN CONSIDERATIONS TO IMPROVE SEISMIC RESISTANCE\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/urban-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/urban-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/urban-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/urban-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/urban-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=5513\" target=\"_self\" >URBAN CONSIDERATIONS TO IMPROVE SEISMIC RESISTANCE<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">To mitigate seismic risks in communities, urban planners often restrict construction over known active fault lines. Buildings over these faults face severe damage from fault movements, which can be horizontal, causing shearing to foundations, or vertical, leading to structural distortions. Such damage typically exceeds that caused by ground shaking. Buildings on ruptured faults are prone&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-374e9929 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#0000000d;padding-right:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-e2d27749 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:0;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700\">References<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/eds.p.ebscohost.com\/eds\/detail\/detail?vid=3&amp;sid=482c2ce6-4635-4c61-85b3-cd329f2a7567%40redis&amp;bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=edssjb.978.3.031.08321.1.7&amp;db=edssjb\">General Guidelines for Urban Design in Seismic-Prone Regions (UDSPR)<\/a><\/strong><br>Book by Hossein Bahrainy and Ameneh Bakhtiar. Published in 2022. Available at Bilkent Library.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/eds.p.ebscohost.com\/eds\/detail\/detail?vid=1&amp;sid=a9521bb5-bd39-4d08-98e1-d5bb203509c6%40redis&amp;bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=bilk.90139&amp;db=cat00040a\">Earthquake Protection (EP)<\/a><\/strong><br>Book by Andrew Coburn and Robin Spence. Published in 1992. Available at Bilkent Library.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/eds.p.ebscohost.com\/eds\/detail\/detail?vid=0&amp;sid=c4540b2e-24bd-499a-8a21-18b27fe35bda%40redis&amp;bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=bilk.1326964&amp;db=cat00040a\">Seismic Design for Architects: Outwitting the Quake (SDA)<\/a><\/strong><br>Book by Andrew Charleson. Published in 2008. Available at Bilkent Library.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/eds.p.ebscohost.com\/eds\/detail\/detail?vid=8&amp;sid=a9521bb5-bd39-4d08-98e1-d5bb203509c6%40redis&amp;bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=bilk.1237453&amp;db=cat00040a\">Architectural Considerations (AC)<\/a><\/strong><br>Chapter by Christopher Arnold in The Seismic Design Handbook by Farzad Naeim. Published in 2001. Available at Bilkent Library.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000229059\">Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Non-Engineered Construction (GERNC)<\/a><\/strong><br>Book by Anand Arya, Teddy Boen, and Yuji Ishimaya. Published in 2014. Available at UNESCO Digital Library (Open Access).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.research-collection.ethz.ch\/handle\/20.500.11850\/645478\">Joint Preliminary Virtual Reconnaissance Report (PVRR)<\/a><\/strong><br>A Joint Report by 2023 T\u00fcrkiye Earthquake Sequence. Available on ETH Zurich Research Collection (Open Access)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700\">Lecture Slides<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chapter 1 on Reinforced Concrete Members, ARCH 332 Structural Design-II<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chapter 4 on Shear Design of RC Members, ARCH 332 Structural Design-II<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chapter 5 on RC Column Design, ARCH 332 Structural Design-II<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chapter 7 on Earthquake Design, ARCH 332 Structural Design-II<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lecture 1A on Loads, ARCH 331 Structural Design-I<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chapter 1 on Force, Stress, and Load, ARCH 231 Statics and Strength of Materials<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Week 3 Lecture on Building Systems, ARCH 252-2 Construction and Materials<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Week 4 Lecture on Structural Safety, ARCH 252-2 Construction and Materials<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Week 6 Lecture on Foundation Systems, ARCH 252-2 Construction and Materials<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700\">Useful Resources<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fema.gov\/node\/homebuilders-guide-earthquake-resistant-design-and-construction\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.fema.gov\/node\/homebuilders-guide-earthquake-resistant-design-and-construction\">Home builder&#8217;s guide to earthquake resistant design<\/a><br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2023\/05\/11\/world\/europe\/turkey-earthquake-apartment-building-collapse.html\">Why One Upscale Apartment Building Became a Death Trap in the Turkey Earthquakes &#8211; The New York Times <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/riskfrontiers.com\/insights\/turkey-earthquakes-cause-surface-faulting-2023\/\">Cause and Surface Faulting of the T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes of February 6, 2023<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Hd4xCmuwiBw\">The Science Behind the Massive Turkey-Syria Earthquakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TnlCRoBAcuw&amp;t=213s\">How these buildings made Turkey-Syria\u2019s earthquake so Deadly<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-query is-layout-flow wp-block-query-is-layout-flow\"><ul class=\"columns-3 wp-block-post-template is-layout-grid wp-container-core-post-template-is-layout-6d3d2eb2 wp-block-post-template-is-layout-grid\"><li class=\"wp-block-post post-6073 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-40 category-news category-publications category-research-stories tag-arsuz tag-arsuz-life-center tag-earthquake\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><figure style=\"aspect-ratio:1\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=6073\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2481\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/01.02.24_Arsuz_sunum_page-0001.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Arsuz Life Center\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/01.02.24_Arsuz_sunum_page-0001.jpg 2481w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/01.02.24_Arsuz_sunum_page-0001-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/01.02.24_Arsuz_sunum_page-0001-1024x634.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/01.02.24_Arsuz_sunum_page-0001-768x475.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/01.02.24_Arsuz_sunum_page-0001-1536x951.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/01.02.24_Arsuz_sunum_page-0001-2048x1268.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2481px) 100vw, 2481px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=6073\" target=\"_self\" >Arsuz Life Center<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Re-vitalization of the Post-earthquake zone A consultancy project held by Bilkent University, Architecture Department for the revitalization of the post-earthquake zone, Arsuz. The main aim of this project was to design the given containers, which is unique for the project area and intended to have five different functions, with a layout that will allow the&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-6024 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-172 category-news category-research-stories tag-earthquake\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><figure style=\"aspect-ratio:1\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=6024\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1473\" height=\"993\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-02-at-16.34.20.png\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Learning from the Earthquake: BUDA Takes Action\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-02-at-16.34.20.png 1473w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-02-at-16.34.20-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-02-at-16.34.20-1024x690.png 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-02-at-16.34.20-768x518.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1473px) 100vw, 1473px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=6024\" target=\"_self\" >Learning from the Earthquake: BUDA Takes Action<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Over the past year after the February 6 earthquake, BUDA (Bilkent University, Department of Architecture), has actively engaged in addressing the various questions and challenges posed by the aftermath of the earthquake. We have developed an earthquake handbook through the collaborative efforts of the faculty members and graduate students of BUDA. Additionally, a community center&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-591 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-40 category-lectures category-news tag-earthquake tag-engineering\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px\"><figure style=\"aspect-ratio:1\" class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=591\" target=\"_self\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/poster_gurkan-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"LESSONS LEARNED FROM KAHRAMANMARA\u015e EARTHQUAKE\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/poster_gurkan-scaled.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/poster_gurkan-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/poster_gurkan-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/poster_gurkan-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/poster_gurkan-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/poster_gurkan-1638x2048.jpg 1638w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/?p=591\" target=\"_self\" >LESSONS LEARNED FROM KAHRAMANMARA\u015e EARTHQUAKE<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">In the wake of the immense disaster caused by the February 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f earthquakes, the lecture focuses on structural performance and its vulnerabilities under the impact of seismic forces. The lecture aims to inform architectural students about the effects of earthquakes, the damages they can cause, and the design methods that can reduce the losses.&hellip; <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4a0fae49 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700\">Team<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-cc94d73b wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-right:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Coordinated by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assoc. Prof. Dr. Burcu \u015eenyap\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6zcan,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assist. Prof. Dr. Aysu Berk,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Technical Assistance:<br><br>Dr. Yi\u011fit Acar<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130brahim Tahir Hailru,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shahzeb Khan,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00fcya Uzun<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ccd25dd8 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#0000000d;padding-top:0;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:0;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0afc8d2a wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-461897f4 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-site-logo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/\" class=\"custom-logo-link\" rel=\"home\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"152\" height=\"39\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/06-ing-arch.png\" class=\"custom-logo\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/06-ing-arch.png 1824w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/06-ing-arch-300x79.png 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/06-ing-arch-1024x268.png 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/06-ing-arch-768x201.png 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/06-ing-arch-1536x403.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 152px) 100vw, 152px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized invert\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/logo_white-1024x360.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-628\" style=\"width:164px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/logo_white-1024x360.png 1024w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/logo_white-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/logo_white-768x270.png 768w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/logo_white-1536x540.png 1536w, https:\/\/arch.bilkent.edu.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/logo_white-2048x720.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Department of Architecture Bilkent University FF-304A<br>06800 Ankara &#8211; TURKEY<br><br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Email: <a href=\"mailto:arch@bilkent.edu.tr\">arch@bilkent.edu.tr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phone: +90-312-290-3463<br>Fax: +90-312-266-4402<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-foreground-color has-text-color has-small-font-size is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links alignright has-small-icon-size has-visible-labels has-icon-color is-style-logos-only is-content-justification-right is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-social-links-is-layout-e0d0ad4a wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\"><li style=\"color:#0B0620\" class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-instagram has-foreground-color wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/bilkentarchitecture\/\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12,4.622c2.403,0,2.688,0.009,3.637,0.052c0.877,0.04,1.354,0.187,1.671,0.31c0.42,0.163,0.72,0.358,1.035,0.673 c0.315,0.315,0.51,0.615,0.673,1.035c0.123,0.317,0.27,0.794,0.31,1.671c0.043,0.949,0.052,1.234,0.052,3.637 s-0.009,2.688-0.052,3.637c-0.04,0.877-0.187,1.354-0.31,1.671c-0.163,0.42-0.358,0.72-0.673,1.035 c-0.315,0.315-0.615,0.51-1.035,0.673c-0.317,0.123-0.794,0.27-1.671,0.31c-0.949,0.043-1.233,0.052-3.637,0.052 s-2.688-0.009-3.637-0.052c-0.877-0.04-1.354-0.187-1.671-0.31c-0.42-0.163-0.72-0.358-1.035-0.673 c-0.315-0.315-0.51-0.615-0.673-1.035c-0.123-0.317-0.27-0.794-0.31-1.671C4.631,14.688,4.622,14.403,4.622,12 s0.009-2.688,0.052-3.637c0.04-0.877,0.187-1.354,0.31-1.671c0.163-0.42,0.358-0.72,0.673-1.035 c0.315-0.315,0.615-0.51,1.035-0.673c0.317-0.123,0.794-0.27,1.671-0.31C9.312,4.631,9.597,4.622,12,4.622 M12,3 C9.556,3,9.249,3.01,8.289,3.054C7.331,3.098,6.677,3.25,6.105,3.472C5.513,3.702,5.011,4.01,4.511,4.511 c-0.5,0.5-0.808,1.002-1.038,1.594C3.25,6.677,3.098,7.331,3.054,8.289C3.01,9.249,3,9.556,3,12c0,2.444,0.01,2.751,0.054,3.711 c0.044,0.958,0.196,1.612,0.418,2.185c0.23,0.592,0.538,1.094,1.038,1.594c0.5,0.5,1.002,0.808,1.594,1.038 c0.572,0.222,1.227,0.375,2.185,0.418C9.249,20.99,9.556,21,12,21s2.751-0.01,3.711-0.054c0.958-0.044,1.612-0.196,2.185-0.418 c0.592-0.23,1.094-0.538,1.594-1.038c0.5-0.5,0.808-1.002,1.038-1.594c0.222-0.572,0.375-1.227,0.418-2.185 C20.99,14.751,21,14.444,21,12s-0.01-2.751-0.054-3.711c-0.044-0.958-0.196-1.612-0.418-2.185c-0.23-0.592-0.538-1.094-1.038-1.594 c-0.5-0.5-1.002-0.808-1.594-1.038c-0.572-0.222-1.227-0.375-2.185-0.418C14.751,3.01,14.444,3,12,3L12,3z M12,7.378 c-2.552,0-4.622,2.069-4.622,4.622S9.448,16.622,12,16.622s4.622-2.069,4.622-4.622S14.552,7.378,12,7.378z M12,15 c-1.657,0-3-1.343-3-3s1.343-3,3-3s3,1.343,3,3S13.657,15,12,15z M16.804,6.116c-0.596,0-1.08,0.484-1.08,1.08 s0.484,1.08,1.08,1.08c0.596,0,1.08-0.484,1.08-1.08S17.401,6.116,16.804,6.116z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label\">@bilkentarchitecture\/<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This guide serves as a condensed resource on seismic design concepts driven by three primary goals. 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